Vote for your favorite mineral in #MinCup25! - Sanidine vs. Hematite
It's a pair of often-overlooked classics as potassium feldspar sanidine competes with iron ore hematite.
Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Ng, Charles W.W., Zhou, Qianyu, Zhang, Qi (2025) A novel surrogate model for hydro-mechanical coupling in unsaturated soil with incomplete physical constraints. Computers and Geotechnics, 180. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107091

Advanced
   -   Only viewable:
Reference TypeJournal (article/letter/editorial)
TitleA novel surrogate model for hydro-mechanical coupling in unsaturated soil with incomplete physical constraints
JournalComputers and Geotechnics
AuthorsNg, Charles W.W.Author
Zhou, QianyuAuthor
Zhang, QiAuthor
Year2025 (April)Volume180
PublisherElsevier BV
DOIdoi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107091Search in ResearchGate
Generate Citation Formats
Mindat Ref. ID17962060Long-form Identifiermindat:1:5:17962060:7
GUID0
Full ReferenceNg, Charles W.W., Zhou, Qianyu, Zhang, Qi (2025) A novel surrogate model for hydro-mechanical coupling in unsaturated soil with incomplete physical constraints. Computers and Geotechnics, 180. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107091
Plain TextNg, Charles W.W., Zhou, Qianyu, Zhang, Qi (2025) A novel surrogate model for hydro-mechanical coupling in unsaturated soil with incomplete physical constraints. Computers and Geotechnics, 180. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107091
In(2025) Computers and Geotechnics Vol. 180. Elsevier BV

References Listed

These are the references the publisher has listed as being connected to the article. Please check the article itself for the full list of references which may differ. Not all references are currently linkable within the Digital Library.

Abadi, M., Agarwal, A., Barham, P., Brevdo, E., Chen, Z., Citro, C., Corrado, G.S., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., Ghemawat, S., Goodfellow, I., Harp, A., Irving, G., Isard, M., Jia, Y., Jozefowicz, R., Kaiser, L., Kudlur, M., Levenberg, J., Mane, D., Monga, R., Moore, S., Murray, D., Olah, C., Schuster, M., Shlens, J., Steiner, B., Sutskever, I., Talwar, K., Tucker, P., Vanhoucke, V., Vasudevan, V., Viegas, F., Vinyals, O., Warden, P., Wattenberg, M., Wicke, M., Yu, Y., Zheng, X., 2016. TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems. Doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1603.04467.
Alonso, E. E., Gens, A., Josa, A. (1990) A constitutive model for partially saturated soils. GĂ©otechnique, 40 (3). 405-430 doi:10.1680/geot.1990.40.3.405
ALONSO, E.E., PEREIRA, J.-M., VAUNAT, J., OLIVELLA, S. (2010) A microstructurally based effective stress for unsaturated soils. GĂ©otechnique, 60 (12). 913-925 doi:10.1680/geot.8.p.002
Amini (2022) J. Eng. Mech. Physics-informed neural network solution of thermo–hydro–mechanical processes in porous media 148
Amini, Danial, Haghighat, Ehsan, Juanes, Ruben (2023) Inverse modeling of nonisothermal multiphase poromechanics using physics-informed neural networks. Journal of Computational Physics, 490. 112323 doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2023.112323
Not Yet Imported: - journal-article : 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119573

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Not Yet Imported: Ocean Engineering - journal-article : 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113408

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Bandai, Toshiyuki, Ghezzehei, Teamrat A. (2021) Physics‐Informed Neural Networks With Monotonicity Constraints for Richardson‐Richards Equation: Estimation of Constitutive Relationships and Soil Water Flux Density From Volumetric Water Content Measurements. Water Resources Research, 57 (2) doi:10.1029/2020wr027642
Bandara, Samila, Ferrari, Alessio, Laloui, Lyesse (2016) Modelling landslides in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using material point method. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 40. 1358-1380 doi:10.1002/nag.2499
Baydin (2017) J Mach Learn Res Automatic differentiation in machine learning: a survey 18, 5595
Bischof, R., Kraus, M., 2021. Multi-objective loss balancing for physics-informed deep learning. Doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20057.24169.
Bishop (1959) Tek. Ukebldad The principle of effective stress 106, 859
Blatz, J. A., Graham, J. (2003) Elastic-plastic modelling of unsaturated soil using results from a new triaxial test with controlled suction. GĂ©otechnique, 53 (1). 113-122 doi:10.1680/geot.2003.53.1.113
Cai, Guoqing, Han, Bowen, Wei, Jingwei, Yang, Rui, Li, Jian, Cui, Yujun (2024) Wetting-induced deformation characteristics of unsaturated compacted sandy loess. Acta Geotechnica, 19 (1) 177-195 doi:10.1007/s11440-023-01891-8
Cai, Guoqing, Liu, Yi, Liu, Zimeng, Zhou, Annan, Li, Jian, Zhao, Chenggang (2024) Volume change behaviour of an unsaturated compacted loess under thermo-hydro-mechanical loads. Acta Geotechnica, 19 (4) 2023-2040 doi:10.1007/s11440-023-01995-1
Chen, Zhao, Liu, Yang, Sun, Hao (2021) Physics-informed learning of governing equations from scarce data. Nature Communications, 12 (1) doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26434-1
Chen, Yang, Xu, Yongfu, Wang, Lei, Li, Tianyi (2023) Modeling water flow in unsaturated soils through physics-informed neural network with principled loss function. Computers and Geotechnics, 161. 105546 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105546
Cui, Wenjie, Potts, David M., Zdravković, Lidija, Gawecka, Klementyna A., Taborda, David M.G. (2018) An alternative coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical finite element formulation for fully saturated soils. Computers and Geotechnics, 94. 22-30 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.08.011
Cuomo, Salvatore, Di Cola, Vincenzo Schiano, Giampaolo, Fabio, Rozza, Gianluigi, Raissi, Maziar, Piccialli, Francesco (2022) Scientific Machine Learning Through Physics–Informed Neural Networks: Where we are and What’s Next. Journal of Scientific Computing, 92 (3) doi:10.1007/s10915-022-01939-z
Ellithy, Ghada S., Stark, Timothy D. (2020) Case Study: Unsaturated Embankment Failure on Soft Soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 146 (12) 5020011pp. doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002382
Feng, Ruofeng, Fourtakas, Georgios, Rogers, Benedict D., Lombardi, Domenico (2022) Two-phase fully-coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model for unsaturated soils and its application to rainfall-induced slope collapse. Computers and Geotechnics, 151. 104964 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.104964
Feurer (2019) Autom. Mach. Learn. Methods Syst. Chall. Hyperparameter optimization 3–33
Fredlund (1993)
Gens, Antonio, SĂĄnchez, Marcelo, Sheng, Daichao (2006) On constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils. Acta Geotechnica, 1 (3) 137-147 doi:10.1007/s11440-006-0013-9
Not Yet Imported: - journal-article : 10.1007/s00466-020-01945-8

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Not Yet Imported: - journal-article : 10.1016/j.cma.2021.113741

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Heldmann, Fabian, Berkhahn, Sarah, Ehrhardt, Matthias, Klamroth, Kathrin (2023) PINN training using biobjective optimization: The trade-off between data loss and residual loss. Journal of Computational Physics, 488. 112211 doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2023.112211
Houlsby, G. T. (1997) The work input to an unsaturated granular material. GĂ©otechnique, 47 (1). 193-196 doi:10.1680/geot.1997.47.1.193
S. Ioffe C. Szegedy 2015. Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift, in: Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning. Presented at the International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR, pp. 448–456.
Not Yet Imported: - journal-article : 10.1038/s42254-021-00314-5

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Khalili, N., Geiser, F., Blight, G. E. (2004) Effective Stress in Unsaturated Soils: Review with New Evidence. International Journal of Geomechanics, 4. 115-126 doi:10.1061/(asce)1532-3641(2004)4:2(115)
Laloui, Lyesse, Nuth, Mathieu (2009) On the use of the generalised effective stress in the constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils. Computers and Geotechnics, 36. 20-23 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.03.002
LE, T.M.H., GALLIPOLI, D., SANCHEZ, M., WHEELER, S. (2013) Rainfall-induced differential settlements of foundations on heterogeneous unsaturated soils. GĂ©otechnique, 63 (15). 1346-1355 doi:10.1680/geot.12.p.181
Leon Bal, Abdiel Ramon, Meschke, GĂŒnther (2023) Two‐phase model for the excavation analysis in partially saturated soft soils using the particle finite element method. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 47 (2) 145-186 doi:10.1002/nag.3464
Liakopoulos (1964)
Liu, Yi, Cai, Guoqing, Zhou, Annan, Han, Bowen, Li, Jian, Zhao, Chengang (2021) A fully coupled constitutive model for thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. Computers and Geotechnics, 133. 104032pp. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104032
Logan (2008)
Lou, Qin, Meng, Xuhui, Karniadakis, George Em (2021) Physics-informed neural networks for solving forward and inverse flow problems via the Boltzmann-BGK formulation. Journal of Computational Physics, 447. 110676 doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2021.110676
Not Yet Imported: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering - journal-article : 10.1016/j.cma.2019.112789

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Mohamedelhassan, E, Shang, J Q (2002) Vacuum and surcharge combined one-dimensional consolidation of clay soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39 (5). 1126-1138 doi:10.1139/t02-052
Ng, Charles Wang Wai, Guo, Haowen, Ni, Junjun, Zhang, Qi, Chen, Rui, Zhang, Yanmin (2023) Effects of plant-biochar interaction on the performance of a landfill cover system: field monitoring and numerical modelling. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 60 (11) 1663-1680 doi:10.1139/cgj-2022-0310
Ng, Charles W. W., Pang, Y. W. (2000) Influence of Stress State on Soil-Water Characteristics and Slope Stability. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126 (2). 157-166 doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2000)126:2(157)
Ng, A. K. L., Small, J. C. (2000) Use of coupled finite element analysis in unsaturated soil problems. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 24. 73-94 doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9853(200001)24:1<73::aid-nag54>3.0.co;2-y
Ng, C. W. W., Zhan, L. T., Bao, C. G., Fredlund, D. G., Gong, B. W. (2003) Performance of an unsaturated expansive soil slope subjected to artificial rainfall infiltration. GĂ©otechnique, 53 (2). 143-157 doi:10.1680/geot.2003.53.2.143
Ng, C.W.W., Zhou, C., Yuan, Q., Xu, J. (2013) Resilient modulus of unsaturated subgrade soil: experimental and theoretical investigations. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 50 (2). 223-232 doi:10.1139/cgj-2012-0052
Ng, C. W. W., Zhou, C., Chiu, C. F. (2020) Constitutive modelling of state-dependent behaviour of unsaturated soils: an overview. Acta Geotechnica, 15 (10) 2705-2725 doi:10.1007/s11440-020-01014-7
Ng (2024)
Ouyang, Weihang, Li, Guanhua, Chen, Liang, Liu, Si-Wei (2024) Machine learning-based soil–structure interaction analysis of laterally loaded piles through physics-informed neural networks. Acta Geotechnica, 19 (7) 4765-4790 doi:10.1007/s11440-023-02179-7
Patil, Ujwalkumar D., Hoyos, Laureano R., Puppala, Anand J. (2016) Modeling Essential Elastoplastic Features of Compacted Silty Sand via Suction-Controlled Triaxial Testing. International Journal of Geomechanics, 16. doi:10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000726
Puppala, Anand J., Manosuthkij, Thammanoon, Nazarian, Soheil, Hoyos, Laureano R. (2011) Threshold moisture content and matric suction potentials in expansive clays prior to initiation of cracking in pavements. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48 (4). 519-531 doi:10.1139/t10-087
Raissi, M., Perdikaris, P., Karniadakis, G.E. (2019) Physics-informed neural networks: A deep learning framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving nonlinear partial differential equations. Journal of Computational Physics, 378. 686-707 doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2018.10.045
Not Yet Imported: Computational Mechanics - journal-article : 10.1007/s00466-023-02435-3

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Sabetamal, Hassan, Sheng, Daichao, Carter, John P. (2022) Coupled hydro-mechanical modelling of unsaturated soils; numerical implementation and application to large deformation problems. Computers and Geotechnics, 152. 105044 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.105044
Not Yet Imported: - journal-article : 10.1016/S0045-7825(00)00390-X

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Sheng, Daichao (2011) Review of fundamental principles in modelling unsaturated soil behaviour. Computers and Geotechnics, 38. 757-776 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.05.002
Not Yet Imported: Computational Mechanics - journal-article : 10.1007/s00466-003-0545-x

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Sitarenios, Panagiotis, Casini, Francesca, Askarinejad, Amin, Springman, Sarah (2021) Hydro-mechanical analysis of a surficial landslide triggered by artificial rainfall: the Ruedlingen field experiment. GĂ©otechnique, 71 (2) 96-109 doi:10.1680/jgeot.18.p.188
Skempton (1984) Sel. Pap. Soil Mech. Effective stress in soils, concrete and rocks 1032, 4
Not Yet Imported: - journal-article : 10.1080/00401706.1987.10488205

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Stirling, Ross A., Toll, David G., Glendinning, Stephanie, Helm, Peter R., Yildiz, Anil, Hughes, Paul N., Asquith, Jonathan D. (2021) Weather-driven deterioration processes affecting the performance of embankment slopes. GĂ©otechnique, 71 (11) 957-969 doi:10.1680/jgeot.19.sip.038
Suykens (2012)
Take, W. A., Bolton, M. D. (2003) Tensiometer saturation and the reliable measurement of soil suction. GĂ©otechnique, 53 (2). 159-172 doi:10.1680/geot.2003.53.2.159
Tarantino, A., MongiovĂŹ, L. (2003) Calibration of tensiometer for direct measurement of matric suction. GĂ©otechnique, 53 (1). 137-141 doi:10.1680/geot.2003.53.1.137
Tartakovsky, A. M., Marrero, C. Ortiz, Perdikaris, Paris, Tartakovsky, G. D., Barajas‐Solano, D. (2020) Physics‐Informed Deep Neural Networks for Learning Parameters and Constitutive Relationships in Subsurface Flow Problems. Water Resources Research, 56 (5) doi:10.1029/2019wr026731
Turner, Matthew M., Ghayoomi, Majid, Ueda, Kyohei, Uzuoka, Ryosuke (2022) Performance of rocking foundations on unsaturated soil layers with variable groundwater levels. GĂ©otechnique, 72 (11) 984-997 doi:10.1680/jgeot.20.p.221
Uchaipichat, A., Khalili, N. (2009) Experimental investigation of thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of an unsaturated silt. GĂ©otechnique, 59 (4). 339-353 doi:10.1680/geot.2009.59.4.339
Vahab (2023) Int. J. Solids Struct. Application of Physics-Informed Neural Networks for forward and inverse analysis of pile–soil interaction 277–278
Wang (2024) Acta Geotech Data-driven forward and inverse analysis of two-dimensional soil consolidation using physics-informed neural network
Wang, B., Vardon, P.J., Hicks, M.A. (2018) Rainfall-induced slope collapse with coupled material point method. Engineering Geology, 239. 1-12 doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.02.007
Xie, Xiaoyu, Samaei, Arash, Guo, Jiachen, Liu, Wing Kam, Gan, Zhengtao (2022) Data-driven discovery of dimensionless numbers and governing laws from scarce measurements. Nature Communications, 13 (1) doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35084-w
Not Yet Imported: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering - journal-article : 10.1016/j.cma.2022.115041

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Yarushina, Viktoriya M., Podladchikov, Yuri Y. (2015) (De)compaction of porous viscoelastoplastic media: Model formulation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120 (6) 4146-4170 doi:10.1002/2014jb011258
Yates, Katherine, Russell, Adrian R. (2023) The unsaturated characteristics of natural loess in slopes, New Zealand. GĂ©otechnique, 73 (10) 871-884 doi:10.1680/jgeot.21.00042
Not Yet Imported: - journal-article : 10.1051/e3sconf/202338215001

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Zhang, Pin, Yin, Zhen-Yu, Sheil, Brian (2024) A physics-informed data-driven approach for consolidation analysis. GĂ©otechnique, 74 (7) 620-631 doi:10.1680/jgeot.22.00046
Zhang, Yue, Zhou, Annan, Nazem, Majidreza, Carter, John (2019) Finite element implementation of a fully coupled hydro-mechanical model and unsaturated soil analysis under hydraulic and mechanical loads. Computers and Geotechnics, 110. 222-241 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.02.005
Not Yet Imported: - journal-article : 10.1007/s00466-020-01922-1

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID
Zhou, C., Ng, C.W.W. (2014) A new and simple stress-dependent water retention model for unsaturated soil. Computers and Geotechnics, 62. 216-222 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.07.012
Not Yet Imported: - journal-article : 10.1016/j.cma.2023.116125

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID

See Also

These are possibly similar items as determined by title/reference text matching only.

Ng, Charles W.W., Zhao, Xudong, Zhang, Shuai, Zhang, Qi (2024) A unified thermo-mechanical bounding surface model for saturated clay and sand. Computers and Geotechnics, 173. 106535 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2024.106535
Qi, Shunchao, Vanapalli, Sai K. (2015) Hydro-mechanical coupling effect on surficial layer stability of unsaturated expansive soil slopes. Computers and Geotechnics, 70. 68-82 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.07.006
Zhan, Z.Q., Zhou, C., Liu, C.Q., Ng, C.W.W. (2023) Modelling hydro-mechanical coupled behaviour of unsaturated soil with two-phase two-point material point method. Computers and Geotechnics, 155. 105224 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.105224
Gholizadeh, Esmaeel, Latifi, Manoucher (2018) A coupled hydro-mechanical constitutive model for unsaturated frictional and cohesive soil. Computers and Geotechnics, 98. 69-81 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.11.010
Zhou, Annan, Sheng, Daichao (2015) An advanced hydro-mechanical constitutive model for unsaturated soils with different initial densities. Computers and Geotechnics, 63. 46-66 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.07.017
Zhang, Yue, Zhou, Annan, Nazem, Majidreza, Carter, John (2019) Finite element implementation of a fully coupled hydro-mechanical model and unsaturated soil analysis under hydraulic and mechanical loads. Computers and Geotechnics, 110. 222-241 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.02.005
Ng, Charles W.W., Zhang, Qi, Ni, Junjun, Li, Zeyu (2021) A new three-dimensional theoretical model for analysing the stability of vegetated slopes with different root architectures and planting patterns. Computers and Geotechnics, 130. 103912pp. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103912
Zhou, C., Ng, C.W.W. (2014) A new and simple stress-dependent water retention model for unsaturated soil. Computers and Geotechnics, 62. 216-222 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.07.012
Chen, Yanbo, Gao, Yufeng, Ng, Charles W.W. (2020) A new capillary barrier system for retaining wall backfilled with fine-grained soil. Computers and Geotechnics, 118. 103324 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103324
Tang, Zi-Qi, Zhou, Xi-Wen, Jin, Yin-Fu, Yin, Zhen-Yu, Zhang, Qi (2024) A novel coupled bES-FEM formulation with SUPG stabilization for thermo-hydro-mechanical analysis in saturated porous media. Computers and Geotechnics, 173. 106454 doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2024.106454
Zhang, Yaoyao; Li, Yanyan; Zheng, Hong; Fan, Binghong (2025) A novel fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-damage model for hydraulic fracture propagation in fractured geothermal reservoirs. Computers and Geotechnics, 185. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107364
 
and/or  
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2025, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: September 7, 2025 04:27:34
Go to top of page