| Reference Type | Journal (article/letter/editorial) |
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| Title | Ore-related breccias in volcanoplutonic arcs |
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| Journal | Economic Geology |
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| Authors | Sillitoe, Richard H. | Author |
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| Year | 1985 (October 1) | Volume | 80 |
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| Page(s) | 1467-1514 | Issue | 6 |
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| Publisher | Society of Economic Geologists |
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| DOI | doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.80.6.1467Search in ResearchGate |
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| Generate Citation Formats |
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| Classification | Not set | LoC | Not set |
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| Mindat Ref. ID | 229075 | Long-form Identifier | mindat:1:5:229075:5 |
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| GUID | 0 |
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| Full Reference | Sillitoe, Richard H. (1985) Ore-related breccias in volcanoplutonic arcs. Economic Geology, 80 (6). 1467-1514 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.80.6.1467 |
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| Plain Text | Sillitoe, Richard H. (1985) Ore-related breccias in volcanoplutonic arcs. Economic Geology, 80 (6). 1467-1514 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.80.6.1467 |
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| In | (1985, October) Economic Geology Vol. 80 (6) Society of Economic Geologists |
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| Abstract/Notes | An overview of breccias related to a variety of base metal, precious metal, and lithophile element deposits in volcanoplutonic arcs permits definition of six possible mechanisms for subsurface brecciation.
1. Release of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids from high-level hydrous magma chambers during second boiling and subsequent decompression generates a spectrum of breccia types in which fragments may suffer collapse and/or ascent. Single or multiple intrusion-related breccia pipes and pre- and intermineral breccias in porphyry copper deposits provide widespread examples.
2. Magmatic heating and expansion of meteoric pore fluids may lead to brecciation, commonly of late or postmineral age and including pebble dikes, in porphyry-type and related deposits. Magmatic heating of rocks saturated with seawater may cause submarine hydrothermal eruptions late in the emplacement histories of Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposits; many of the resultant breccias underwent limited sedimentary transport. Overpressuring of heated fluids beneath semipermeable, partly self-sealed cap rocks may lead to brecciation and subaerial hydrothermal eruptions in shallow epithermal precious metal settings; magmatic heating or tectonic disturbance may have triggered brecciation.
3. Interaction of cool ground waters with subsurface magma can generate phreatomagmatic explosions. Postmineral phreatomagmatic diatremes associated with porphyry systems and premineral diatremes with epithermal precious (+ or - base) metal deposits were generated in this manner; these attained the palcosurface to produce pyroclastic base surge and fall deposits that accumulated as tuff rings around maar craters.
4. Magmatic-hydrothermal brecciation may lead to disruption of rocks through to the paleosurface, decompression, and fragmentation and eruption of the top part of an underlying magma chamber. Pre- and postmineral magmatic diatremes of this sort are inferred to accompany a few porphyry-type and other base and precious metal systems; they were manifested at the palcosurface by accumulations of pyroclastic fall and flow deposits.
5. Breccias may result from mechanical disruption of wall rocks during subsurface movement of magma. Any intrusion-related deposit may include such intrusion breccias.
6. Tectonic breccias resulting from fault displacement may accompany any type of ore deposit.
A continuum exists between many of these breccia types and it is difficult to identify unique criteria for their unambiguous distinction.
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| Locality | Mineral(s) |
|---|
| San Francisco de los Andes mine, Calingasta, Calingasta Department, San Juan Province, Argentina | β Quartz, β Tourmaline |
| Ardlethan, Bourke Co., New South Wales, Australia | β Arsenopyrite, β Cassiterite, β Chalcopyrite, β Chlorite Group, β Fluorite, β Galena, β Muscovite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Sericite, β Siderite, β Sphalerite, β Tourmaline |
| Sandy Flat Mine, Redbank Area breccia pipes, Roper Gulf Region, Northern Territory, Australia | β Chalcopyrite, β Chlorite Group, β Dolomite, β Quartz |
| Kidston mine, Etheridge Shire, Queensland, Australia | β Calcite |
| Boss Mountain Mine, Williams Lake, Cariboo Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada | β Molybdenite, β Pyrite, β Quartz |
| Galore Creek Cu-Au-Ag deposit, Galore Creek, Liard Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada | β Anhydrite, β Biotite, β Chalcopyrite, β Garnet Group, β Pyrite |
| Equity Silver deposit, Houston, Skeena Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada | β Arsenopyrite, β Chalcopyrite, β Galena, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Sphalerite, β Tetrahedrite Subgroup |
| Island Copper Mine (Utah Mines Ltd.), Port Hardy, Nanaimo Mining Division, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada | β Chalcopyrite, β Molybdenite, β Pyrite, β Pyrophyllite, β Quartz |
| Mount Pleasant Mine, Saint George Parish, Charlotte Co., New Brunswick, Canada | β Topaz, β Wolframite Group |
| El Abra Mine, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile | β Bornite, β Chalcopyrite |
| La Coipa mine, Diego de Almagro, ChaΓ±aral Province, Atacama, Chile | β Quartz, β Sphalerite |
| San Pedro de Cachiyuyo mining district, Diego de Almagro, ChaΓ±aral Province, Atacama, Chile | β Chalcopyrite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Tourmaline |
| El Bolsico, Vallenar, Huasco Province, Atacama, Chile | β Calcite, β Chalcopyrite, β Hematite, β Molybdenite, β Muscovite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Sericite, β Specularite, β Tourmaline |
| Quebrada Blanca Mine, Collahuasi mining district, Pica, Tamarugal Province, TarapacΓ‘, Chile | β Biotite, β Bornite, β Chalcopyrite, β K Feldspar, β Molybdenite, β Muscovite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Sericite, β Tourmaline |
| Inguaran Mine, InguarΓ‘n, La Huacana Municipality, Michoacan, Mexico | β Calcite, β Chalcopyrite, β Chlorite Group, β Epidote, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Scheelite, β Tourmaline |
| Cananea, Cananea Municipality, Sonora, Mexico | β Bornite, β Chalcopyrite, β Chlorite Group, β Galena, β Molybdenite, β Phlogopite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Sphalerite |
| Cumobabi, El Verde Mining District, Cumpas Municipality, Sonora, Mexico | β Anhydrite, β Apatite, β Biotite, β Chalcopyrite, β Molybdenite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Siderite, β Tetrahedrite Subgroup, β Tourmaline |
| Pilares Mine, Los Pilares de Nacozari, Nacozari de GarcΓa Municipality, Sonora, Mexico | β Calcite, β Chalcopyrite, β Chlorite Group, β Quartz, β Scheelite, β Sericite, β Specularite |
| Colorada Mine, Chalchihuites Municipality, Zacatecas, Mexico | β Chalcopyrite, β Galena, β Muscovite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Sericite, β Sphalerite, β Tetrahedrite Subgroup |
| Panguna Mine (Bougainville Mine), Bougainville Island, Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea | β K Feldspar, β Quartz |
| Wau Mine, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea | β Calcite, β Galena, β Manganese-bearing Calcite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Sphalerite |
| Ok Tedi Mine, Mount Fubilan, Star Mountains, Western Province, Papua New Guinea | β Biotite, β Molybdenite, β Quartz |
| RoΕia MontanΔ, RoΘia MontanΔ, Alba County, Romania | β Adularia, β Chalcopyrite, β Galena, β K Feldspar, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Rhodochrosite, β Sphalerite |
| Ilgwang Mine (Tongnae Mine; Ilkwang mine), Ilgwang-myon, Tongyeong City, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea | β Wolframite Group |
| Khao Soon Mine, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand | β Ferberite, β Muscovite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Sericite |
| Patch Mine, Central City Mining District (Central Mining District), Gilpin County, Colorado, USA | β Tetrahedrite Subgroup |
| Summitville Mining District (Summit Mining District), Rio Grande County, Colorado, USA | β Alunite, β Covellite, β Enargite, β Native Sulphur, β Pyrite, β Quartz |
| De Lamar Mining District, Owyhee County, Idaho, USA | β Acanthite, β Naumannite, β Pyrite, β Quartz |
| Hasbrouck Mountain, Divide Mining District, Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA | β Acanthite, β Adularia, β Chalcopyrite, β Illite, β K Feldspar, β Muscovite, β Pyrargyrite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Stibnite |
| Buckhorn Mine, Buckhorn Mining District, Eureka County, Nevada, USA | β Adularia, β K Feldspar, β Kaolinite, β Marcasite, β Muscovite, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Sericite |
| Buckskin Mountain, National Mining District, Humboldt County, Nevada, USA | β Alunite, β Cinnabar, β Pyrite, β Quartz, β Stibnite |
| Northumberland Mining District, Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada, USA | β Baryte, β Pyrite, β Quartz |
| Alligator Ridge Mining District, White Pine County, Nevada, USA | β Calcite |
| Chino Mine (Santa Rita pit; Santa Rita Mine), Santa Rita, Santa Rita Mining District, Grant County, New Mexico, USA | β Biotite, β Chalcopyrite, β K Feldspar, β Magnetite, β Molybdenite, β Pyrite, β Quartz |
| Ortiz Project, Golden, Old Placers District, Santa Fe County, New Mexico, USA | β Calcite, β Hematite, β Magnetite, β Muscovite, β Pyrite, β Scheelite, β Sericite |
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