Helmy, Hassan M., Botcharnikov, Roman (2020) Experimental determination of the phase relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems between 1100 and 700 °C. American Mineralogist, 105 (3) 344-352 doi:10.2138/am-2020-7154
| Reference Type | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Experimental determination of the phase relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems between 1100 and 700 °C | ||
| Journal | American Mineralogist | ||
| Authors | Helmy, Hassan M. | Author | |
| Botcharnikov, Roman | Author | ||
| Year | 2020 (March 1) | Volume | 105 |
| Issue | 3 | ||
| Publisher | Mineralogical Society of America | ||
| DOI | doi:10.2138/am-2020-7154Search in ResearchGate | ||
| Generate Citation Formats | |||
| Mindat Ref. ID | 398911 | Long-form Identifier | mindat:1:5:398911:5 |
| GUID | 0 | ||
| Full Reference | Helmy, Hassan M., Botcharnikov, Roman (2020) Experimental determination of the phase relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems between 1100 and 700 °C. American Mineralogist, 105 (3) 344-352 doi:10.2138/am-2020-7154 | ||
| Plain Text | Helmy, Hassan M., Botcharnikov, Roman (2020) Experimental determination of the phase relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems between 1100 and 700 °C. American Mineralogist, 105 (3) 344-352 doi:10.2138/am-2020-7154 | ||
| In | (2020, March) American Mineralogist Vol. 105 (3) Mineralogical Society of America | ||
| Abstract/Notes | Abstract The stability relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Sb- and Bi-bearing Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems have been experimentally determined at temperatures between 1100 and 700 °C in evacuated silica tubes. Both PtSb and PdSb are stable as immiscible liquids at temperatures above 1100 and 1000 °C, respectively. The Fe-Ni-Cu-sulfide melt that coexists with the immiscible antimonide melt can dissolve up to 3.8 wt% Sb at 1100 °C, whereas monosulfide solid solution (mss) dissolves very low amounts of Sb over the entire 1100–700 °C temperature range. The liquidus of Pt-antimonides and Pdantimonides are above 980 and 750 °C, respectively. Bismuth does not form immiscible melt at 1100 °C but may partially partition into a vapor phase at 1050 °C. The Pt- and Pd-bismuthinides crystallize directly from immiscible bismuthinide melt only after crystallization of the sulfide melt into intermediate solid solution (iss). Insizwaite (PtBi2) and froodite (PdBi2) are stable at 780 and 700 °C, respectively. At the last stage of evolution of Sb-bearing magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide melts, Sb will form immiscible antimonide melt that will extract Pt and Pd from the sulfide melt. During cooling, Pt and Pd-antimonides will crystallize directly from the immiscible antimonide melt, and Pt-phases will form at higher temperatures relative to Pd-phases. Bismuth will partition into vapor phase and concentrate into a low-temperature melt in hydrothermal and porphyry systems that scavenge precious metals. The Sb and Bi (like Te) will be highly incompatible at moderate degrees of mantle partial melting. | ||
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