| Reference Type | Journal (article/letter/editorial) |
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| Title | The nonmarine mollusks of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch fauna of western Montana III. Aquatic mollusks and conclusions |
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| Journal | Journal of Paleontology |
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| Authors | Pierce, Harold G. | Author |
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| Year | 1993 (November) | Volume | 67 |
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| Issue | 6 |
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
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| DOI | doi:10.1017/s0022336000025294Search in ResearchGate |
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| Mindat Ref. ID | 416095 | Long-form Identifier | mindat:1:5:416095:7 |
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| GUID | 0 |
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| Full Reference | Pierce, Harold G. (1993) The nonmarine mollusks of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch fauna of western Montana III. Aquatic mollusks and conclusions. Journal of Paleontology, 67 (6) 980-993 doi:10.1017/s0022336000025294 |
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| Plain Text | Pierce, Harold G. (1993) The nonmarine mollusks of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch fauna of western Montana III. Aquatic mollusks and conclusions. Journal of Paleontology, 67 (6) 980-993 doi:10.1017/s0022336000025294 |
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| In | (1993, November) Journal of Paleontology Vol. 67 (6) Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
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| Abstract/Notes | The aquatic molluscan fauna of the late Oligocene–early Miocene Cabbage Patch beds of western Montana includes eight taxa, six of which are new at specific or subspecific level, Sphaerium bakeri, Valvata paula, Planorbula powelli, Biomphalaria haydeni, Lymnaea tumere, and Lymnaea vetusta ambigua. Two are referred to previously known taxa, Viviparus nanus and Lymnaea shumardi. The genera Biomphalaria, Planorbula, and Viviparus no longer occur in western Montana, nor in the Columbia River drainage. Planorbula powelli is the earliest unequivocal Planorbula from North America. Of the 18 supraspecific taxa of this molluscan fauna, eight (44%) are now displaced, all but one to the east and/or south. Climatic interpretations derived from modern habitats of the genera Biomphalaria and Polygyroidea suggest a late Oligocene–early Miocene Mean Annual Temperature of 10°C, with January means not less than 5°C, and July means about 15°C. Environmental analysis suggests a subhumid to subarid shrub and grassland vegetation similar to modern environments with > 50 cm Mean Annual Precipitation, surrounding marshy shallow lakes subject to seasonal desiccation. Effective moisture varied from slightly greater than the present for the late Oligocene to a latest Oligocene pluvial interval followed by subarid conditions for the early Miocene. Geographically, the drainage of this area was into a closed and isolated basin during the late Oligocene–early Miocene. Molluscan assemblages are found to support the tripartite division of the Cabbage Patch beds that has been based on mammals and should be useful in correlation between basins. |
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