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Carrollite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Carrollite

Kamoya South II Mine, Kamoya, Kambove, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo

Carrollite

Kamoya South II Mine, Kamoya, Kambove, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo

Carrollite

Kamoya South II Mine, Kamoya, Kambove, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo

Carrollite

Kamoya South II Mine, Kamoya, Kambove, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo

Carrollite

Kamoya South II Mine, Kamoya, Kambove, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo

Carrollite

Kamoya South II Mine, Kamoya, Kambove, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo

Carrollite

Kamoya South II Mine, Kamoya, Kambove, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo

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About CarrolliteHide

Seal of Carroll County, Maryland, USA

Formula:

CuCo₂S₄

More specifically Cu^1.2+(Co^2.4+)₂(S^1.5-)₄ (Pattrick et al., 2008).

Colour:

Bright silver color

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

4½ - 5½

Specific Gravity:

4.5 - 4.8

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Carrollite Subgroup > Thiospinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Name:

Named in 1852 by William Leonard Faber after the type locality in Carroll County, Maryland, USA.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Patapsco Mine (Finksburg Mine; Orchard Mine), Patapsco Mines, Finksburg, Carroll County, Maryland, USA

Isostructural with:

Linnaeite

Thiospinel Group. Copper in carrollite was recently shown to be monovalent (Pattrick et al., 2008), confirming an earlier study (Nakai et al., 1978).

Natural samples commonly contain Ni; in samples from the Siegerand ore province, a solid solution exists between CuCo2S4 and Cu(Ni,Co)2S4 in which Ni can replace 50% of the Co (Wagner & Cook 1999).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

911

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:911:3

IMA Classification of CarrolliteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

First published:

1852

Type description reference:

Faber, W.L. (1852) On Carrollite, a new Cobalt Mineral, American Journal of Science, second series, 13, 418-419.

Classification of CarrolliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2025):

2.DA.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4

Dana 8th ed.:

2.10.1.2

2 : SULFIDES
10 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 3:4

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.10.18

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
10 : Sulphides etc. of Co

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Cli	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Car	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of CarrolliteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Comment:

Very bright

Colour:

Bright silver color

Comment:

Rarely tarnishes to copper red or violet gray

Streak:

Gray black

Hardness:

4½ - 5½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=507 - 586 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Very brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Parting:

poor on {001}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal

Density:

4.5 - 4.8 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.83 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of CarrolliteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
400nm	41.4%
420nm	41.5%
440nm	41.6%
460nm	41.8%
480nm	42.0%
500nm	42.3%
520nm	42.6%
540nm	42.9%
560nm	43.1%
580nm	43.3%
600nm	43.5%
620nm	43.9%
640nm	44.3%
660nm	44.7%
680nm	45.0%
700nm	45.3%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 45.3%.

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of CarrolliteHide

Mindat Formula:

CuCo₂S₄

More specifically Cu^1.2+(Co^2.4+)₂(S^1.5-)₄ (Pattrick et al., 2008).

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
S	41.418 %
Co	38.062 %
Cu	20.520 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Co, Cu, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Crystallography of CarrolliteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Setting:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 9.458 Å

Unit Cell V:

846.05 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Octahedral and cubic crystals, massive, granular, compact

Twinning:

{111} polysynthetic

Comment:

JCPDS 98-003-1107

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Temp (K)
0017667	Carrollite	de Jong W, Hoog A (1928) Carrollit (Sychnodymit). _cod_database_code 1010946 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 66 168-171	1928	293
0013181	Carrollite	Williamson D P, Grimes N W (1974) An X-ray diffraction investigation of sulphide spinels Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 7 1-6	1974	293
0014234	Carrollite	Riedel E, Horvath E (1973) Kationen-anionen-abstande in kupfer- und chrom-thiospinellen Materials Research Bulletin 8 973-982	1973	293
0014235	Carrollite	Riedel E, Horvath E (1973) Kationen-anionen-abstande in kupfer- und chrom-thiospinellen Materials Research Bulletin 8 973-982	1973	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Carrollite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'de Jong W'
'Hoog A'
_journal_name_full 'Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie'
_journal_volume 66 
_journal_year 1928
_journal_page_first 168
_journal_page_last 171
_publ_section_title
;
 Carrollit (Sychnodymit).
 _cod_database_code 1010946
;
_database_code_amcsd 0017667
_chemical_formula_sum 'Cu Co2 S4'
_cell_length_a 9.458
_cell_length_b 9.458
_cell_length_c 9.458
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 846.054
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.862
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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  '3/4-x,1/4-z,3/4-y'
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  'z,+y,+x'
  '1/2+z,1/2+y,+x'
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  '3/4-y,3/4-x,1/4-z'
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  '1/4+z,3/4+x,3/4-y'
  '-y,1/2-z,1/2+x'
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  '1/2-y,1/2-z,+x'
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  '1/4+x,3/4+y,3/4-z'
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  '1/4+y,1/4+z,1/4-x'
  '1/4+y,3/4+z,3/4-x'
  '-x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,+z'
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  '1/4-z,1/4+x,1/4+y'
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  '1/4-x,1/4+y,1/4+z'
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  '1/4-y,1/4+z,1/4+x'
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  '3/4-y,1/4+z,3/4+x'
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  'x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
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  '1/2-x,1/2+z,-y'
  '1/2-x,+z,1/2-y'
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  '-x,+z,-y'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Cu1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
Co1   0.12500   0.12500   0.12500
S1   0.37500   0.37500   0.37500

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.86 Å	(100)
1.674 Å	(80)
1.825 Å	(60)
2.37 Å	(50)
0.994 Å	(50)
3.35 Å	(40)
1.234 Å	(30)

Comments:

Craig, J.R., and Higgins, J. B. (1973) The Carrollite-Linnaeite Series, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, p. 586.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals

Geological Setting:

In hydrothermal vein deposits

Type Occurrence of CarrolliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Patapsco Mine (Finksburg Mine; Orchard Mine), Patapsco Mines, Finksburg, Carroll County, Maryland, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Crystalline, homogenous material, but no distinct crystals.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

n.d.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In veins of chalcopyrite in schist.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Bornite

Chalcopyrite

Reference:

Faber, W.L. (1852) On Carrollite, a new Cobalt Mineral, American Journal of Science, second series, 13, 418-419.

Synonyms of CarrolliteHide

Carrolite

Corrolite

Sychnodymite

Other Language Names for CarrolliteHide

Dutch:Carrolliet

German:Carrollit
Carrolit
Corrolit
Sychnodymit

Russian:Карролит

Simplified Chinese:硫铜钴矿
硫钴铜矿

Spanish:Carrolita
Carrollita
Corrolita

Relationship of Carrollite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Carrollite Subgroup > Thiospinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Other Members of Carrollite Subgroup:

Berndlehmannite	Cu(CrV)S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Cuproiridsite	(Cu,Fe)Ir₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Cuprokalininite	CuCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Ezochiite	Cu⁺(Rh³⁺Pt⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Fletcherite	CuNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Florensovite	(Cu,Zn)Cr_1.5Sb_0.5S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
Malanite	Cu¹⁺(Ir³⁺Pt⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
Rhodostannite	Cu¹⁺(Fe²⁺_0.5Sn⁴⁺_1.5)S₄	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
Shiranuiite	Cu⁺(Rh³⁺Rh⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Toyohaite	Ag¹⁺(Fe²⁺_0.5Sn⁴⁺_1.5)S₄	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
Unnamed (Fe3+-analogue of Fletcherite)	Cu(Fe³⁺,Ni,Co)₂S₄

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

221 photos of Carrollite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
119 photos of Carrollite associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
42 photos of Carrollite associated with Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
25 photos of Carrollite associated with Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
14 photos of Carrollite associated with Chalcocite	Cu₂S
12 photos of Carrollite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
12 photos of Carrollite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
12 photos of Carrollite associated with Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
11 photos of Carrollite associated with Djurleite	Cu₃₁S₁₆
6 photos of Carrollite associated with Spherocobaltite	CoCO₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.DA.	Ferrodimolybdenite	FeMo₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.DA.	Zaykovite	Rh₃Se₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.	Ezochiite	Cu⁺(Rh³⁺Pt⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.	Grimmite	NiCo₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.	Zolenskyite	FeCr₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.05	Shiranuiite	Cu⁺(Rh³⁺Rh⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Fletcherite	CuNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Florensovite	(Cu,Zn)Cr_1.5Sb_0.5S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.DA.05	Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cadmoindite	CdIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Kalininite	ZnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Nickeltyrrellite	CuNi₂Se₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Linnaeite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cuproiridsite	(Cu,Fe)Ir₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cuprorhodsite	(Cu¹⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Berndlehmannite	Cu(CrV)S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Trüstedtite	Ni₃Se₄	Iso.
2.DA.05	Daubréelite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cuprokalininite	CuCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Joegoldsteinite	MnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Bornhardtite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂Se₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Tyrrellite	Cu(Co,Ni)₂Se₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Indite	FeIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Xingzhongite	Pb²⁺Ir³⁺₂S₄	Iso.
2.DA.05	Malanite	Cu¹⁺(Ir³⁺Pt⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.DA.10	Rhodostannite	Cu¹⁺(Fe²⁺_0.5Sn⁴⁺_1.5)S₄	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
2.DA.10	Toyohaite	Ag¹⁺(Fe²⁺_0.5Sn⁴⁺_1.5)S₄	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
2.DA.15	Brezinaite	Cr₃S₄	Mon. 2/m
2.DA.15	Heideite	(Fe,Cr)_1.15(Ti,Fe)₂S₄	Mon. 2/m
2.DA.20	Konderite	Cu₃Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)₈S₁₆	Hex. 6/m : P6/m
2.DA.20	Inaglyite	Cu₃Pb(Ir,Pt)₈S₁₆	Hex.
2.DA.25	Kingstonite	(Rh,Ir,Pt)₃S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Fluorescence of CarrolliteHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent

Other InformationHide

Notes:

May have exsolution lamellae with slightly higher Fe composition than the matrix. Riley, J.F. (1980) Ferroan carrollites, cobaltian violarites, and other members of the Linnaeite group: (Co,Ni,Fe,Cu)3S4. Mineralogical Magazine, 43:733-739.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Industrial Uses:

Cobalt ore

Carrollite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Ore
- Cobalt ore

Internet Links for CarrolliteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-911.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Carrollite on Webmineral

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for CarrolliteHide

Reference List:

Gauthier, Gilbert, King, Van, and Morgan, Robert. Carrollite from Kamoya South II Mine, Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mineralogical Record, (in press).

Faber, W.L. (1852) On Carrollite, a new Cobalt Mineral, American Journal of Science, second series, 13, 418-419.

Laspeyres, H. (1891): Sychnodymit, ein neues Kobalterz von der Grube Kohlenbach bei Eiserfeld unweit Siegen. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 19: 17-21.

De Jong, W.F., Hoog, A. (1928) Carrollite (sychnodymite). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 66, 168-171.

Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x

Nakai, I., Sugitani, Y., Nagashima, K., Niwa, Y. (1978) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of copper minerals. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 40 (5) 789-791 doi:10.1016/0022-1902(78)80152-3

Craig, J. R., Vaughan, D. J., Higgins, J. B. (1979) Phase relations in the Cu-Co-S system and mineral associations of the carrollite (CuCo2S4)-linnaeite (Co3S4) series. Economic Geology, 74 (3). 657-671 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.74.3.657

Riley, John F. (1980) Ferroan carrollites, cobaltian violarites, and other members of the linnaeite group: (Co,Ni, Fe,Cu)₃S₄. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (330) 733-739 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.330.06

Wagner, T., Cook, N.J. (1999) Carrollite and related minerals of the linnaeite group: solid solutions and nomenclature in light of new data from the Siegerland district, Germany. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 545–558.

King, V., Morgan, R.L. (2005) Crystallography of Carrollite from the Kamoya South II mine, Democratic Republic of Congo. Program and Abstracts 32nd Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Rochester, NY, USA, 18-19.

(2005) Carrollite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Weiss, S. (2006) Carrollit, Dolomit, Nickelin, Sphärocobaltit und Baryt aus der Provinz Shaba, Kongo. Lapis, 31(9), 44-46. (in German)

King, V.T., Morgan, R.L. (2008) Etching of Carrollite from the Kamoya South II Mine, Katanga, Democratic Republic Of Congo. Program and Abstracts 35th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, 27-28.

Pattrick, R. A.D., Coker, V. S., Pearce, C. I., Telling, N. D., van der Laan, G. (2008) The Oxidation State of Copper and Cobalt in Carrollite, CuCo2S4. The Canadian Mineralogist, 46 (5). 1317-1322 doi:10.3749/canmin.46.5.1317

Ercit, T.S., Piilonen, P.C., Poirier, G., Tait, K.T. (2009) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 94: 1075-1083.

Buckley, Alan N., Skinner, William M., Harmer, Sarah L., Pring, Allan, Fan, Liang-Jen (2009) Electronic environments in carrollite, CuCo2S4, determined by soft X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73 (15) 4452-4467 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.030

Von Der Heyden, Bjorn P., Dick, Jeffrey, Rosenfels, Ryan C., Carlton, Luke, Lilova, Kristina, Navrotsky, Alexandra, Subramani, Tamilarasan, Woodfield, Brian F., Gibson, Alexis (2024) Growth and Stability of Stratiform Carrollite (CuCo2S4) in the Tenke-Fungurume Ore District, Central African Copperbelt. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 62 (1). 77-93 doi:10.3749/2300028

Localities for CarrolliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Atlantic Ocean
Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex Ashadze hydrothermal area ⓘ Ashadze 1	Firstova et al. (2016)

Australia
Northern Territory Coomalie Shire Batchelor Rum Jungle ⓘ White's Mine	D.A.Berkman (1968)
South Australia Copper Coast Council Moonta ⓘ Wheal Hughes	Morales Ruano et al. (2002)
ⓘ Poona Mine (Mattapara; Alameda Pty Ltd; EML 5525; ML 5524)	Morales Ruano et al. (2002)
Pastoral Unincorporated Area Arcoona (Arcoona Station) ⓘ Oak Dam East deposit	Davidson (2007)
Oakden Hills ⓘ Cattle Grid deposit	Noble et al. (1983) +1 other reference
Olympic Dam ⓘ Olympic Dam Mine	USGS Open File Report 81-1666 +1 other reference
Pernatty ⓘ MG 14 deposit	Hartley 1990
ⓘ Windabout deposit	Hartley 1990
Western Australia Coolgardie Shire ⓘ Kambalda	Anthony et al. (2016)
Kambalda Nickel mines ⓘ Durkin shaft	Ostwald (1978)

Austria
Carinthia Villach-Land District Finkenstein am Faaker See Mallestiger Mittagskogel ⓘ Neufinkenstein-Grabanz mining district	A.Pichler (2003)
ⓘ Lower Glückauf adit	Taucher (1998)
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Sankt Barbara im Mürztal Veitsch Kleinveitsch ⓘ Kaiblinggraben	Girtler et al. (2015) +1 other reference

Azerbaijan
Dashkasan District Dashkasan ⓘ Goshgarchai Cu-Au deposit	Singer et al. (2008)

Brazil
Pará Curionópolis ⓘ Serra Pelada claims	NetunoVillas et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Marabá ⓘ Salobo Mine	deMelo et al. (2017)

Bulgaria
Pazardzhik Province Panagyurishte Municipality Panagyurishte ⓘ Medet Mine	Strashimirov et al. (2002) +1 other reference
Sofia Province Etropole Municipality ⓘ Elatsite Mine	Dragov et al. (1998) +2 other references

Cameroon
East Region Haut-Nyong Lomié Lomié Ultramafic complex ⓘ Nkamouna Mine	Dzemua et al. (2012)

Canada
British Columbia Golden Mining Division Windermere District Invermere Delphine Creek ⓘ Delphine Mine	Peatfield (n.d.)
Osoyoos Mining Division Peachland ⓘ Brenda Mine	Singer et al. (2008)
Northwest Territories Mazenod Lake District Diane Lake ⓘ Sue-Dianne deposit	Normandeau et al. (2024)
Ontario Cochrane District Timmins Kidd Township ⓘ Kidd Mine	Thorpe et al. (1976) +2 other references
Kenora District Kapkichi Lake Area ⓘ Thierry Mine	Can Mineral 1984 22: 13-21
Yukon Whitehorse mining district Whitehorse Copper Belt ⓘ Little Chief Mine	Tenney et al. (1967-1980)

Chile
Araucanía Cautín Province ⓘ Piren Alto	Schira et al. (1990)
Atacama ⓘ Carrizal	Anthony et al. (2016)
Huasco Province ⓘ Carrizal Alto district	Clark (1974)
ⓘ Armonía mine	A. H. Clark (1974)

China
Anhui Chuzhou Langya District ⓘ Langyashan Cu-Au deposit (Lanyashan Cu-Au deposit)	Li et al. (1999)
Hefei Lujiang Co. ⓘ Longqiao Fe-Cu deposit	Zhang et al. (2024)
Tongling Fenghuangshan ore field ⓘ Fenghuangshan Mine	Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1993)
Guangdong Meizhou Mei Co. ⓘ Yushui Mine	Binghui Chen et al. (1994)
Hainan Changjiang Co. ⓘ Shilu Mine	Jinjie Yu et al. (2013)
Hebei Baoding Laiyuan County Futuyu-Mujicun ore field ⓘ Futuyu Cu-Fe deposit	Qijia Zang (1984)
Chengde Fengning County ⓘ Sandao village (Tao District)	Yu Zuxiang et al. (1974)
ⓘ Garnet pyroxenite occurrence	Yu et al. (2009)
Luanping County Damiao complex ⓘ PGE occurrence	Yu Zuxiang (1997)
Tiema-Habaqin complex ⓘ Daomanite locality	Bilun Luo (1979)
Yingshouyingzikuang District ⓘ Shouwangfen Mine	Yaowu Ren and Qianwen Cao (1993)
Tangshan Zunhua Co. Malan river valley ⓘ Unnamed Ni-Cu deposit	Yu Zuxiang (1981)
Hubei Huangshi Daye Co. Edong Mining District ⓘ Tonglushan Mine	Wu et al. (2024)
Jiangxi Shangrao Dexing Co. ⓘ Dexing Cu-Mo-Au ore field	Zongyao et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Dexing copper mine ⓘ Fujiawu Cu-Mo deposit	Kuanglin Yan (1978)
Liaoning Chaoyang Chaoyang County ⓘ Wafangzi Fe-Mn deposit	Guilin Metallurgical Institute of Geology (1976) +1 other reference
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Golmud City (Ge'ermu Co.) ⓘ Tuolugou Co-(Au) deposit	Zhang Dequan et al. (2002)
Shanxi Yuncheng Yuanqu Co. ⓘ Songjiashan Co-Fe deposit	Li et al. (2024)
Zhongtiaoshan ore field ⓘ Bizigou Cu deposit (Bizhigou Cu deposit)	Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006)
ⓘ Hujiayu Cu deposit	Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006)
ⓘ Tongkuangyu Cu deposit	pubs.usgs.gov (2006)
Sichuan Ya'an Hanyuan County ⓘ Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit	Fan et al. (1999)
Tibet Lhasa Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.) ⓘ Zhibula Cu deposit	Xu et al. (2024)
Xigazê Prefecture (Rikaze Prefecture; Shigatse Prefecture) Namling Co. (Nanmulin Co.) ⓘ Pusangguo deposit	Wang et al. (2022) +2 other references
Xinjiang Bo'ertala Autonomous Prefecture (Börtala Autonomous Prefecture) Wenquan Co. (Arixang Co.; Arishang Co.) ⓘ Lamasu Cu deposit	Liu et al. (2022)
ⓘ Saibo Cu deposit	Liu et al. (2022)
Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture) Yizhou District ⓘ Sanchakou Cu deposit (Sanchalu Cu deposit)	Kezhang Qin et al. (2009)
Yunnan Chuxiong Wuding County Luoci Cu ore field ⓘ Hetaoqing Cu deposit	Yongbei Zhang et al. (2003)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Příbram District Příbram Brod Uranium Mine No. 6 (Shaft No. 6) ⓘ B117 hydrothermal vein	Sejkora et al. (2024)
Liberec Region ⓘ North Bohemian Uranium District	Scharm +7 other references

DR Congo
Haut-Katanga Kambove Territory Kambove ⓘ Kambove Principal Mine	Deliens (1996) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kambove West Mine	Gauthier +1 other reference
ⓘ ~~Kamfundwa Mine~~	Gauthier
Kamoya ⓘ Kamoya prospect
ⓘ Kamoya South II Mine	King (2005)
ⓘ Luishia Mine	Gauthier
Shinkolobwe ⓘ Ludjiba prospect	Lhoest (1992)
ⓘ Shinkolobwe Mine	edit.africamuseum.be (n.d.) +2 other references
Kipushi Territory ⓘ Kinsevere mine	Saleem et al. (2016)
Kipushi ⓘ Kipushi Mine	Chabu (1995) +1 other reference
Musoshi ⓘ Musoshi Mine	Gauthier +1 other reference
Lubumbashi ⓘ Ruashi Mine	Mambwe et al. (Ruashi Cu-Co Deposit)
Sakania Territory ⓘ Tshinsenda (Kinsenda)	DEJONGTE (1994)
Lualaba Lubudi ⓘ Kabolela Mine	Gauthier
ⓘ Kamalondo Cu-Co deposit	Mambwe et al. (2019)
Kisamfu ⓘ Kansuki Cu-Co deposit	Xiangqian Li et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Mashitu Cu-Co deposit ⓘ Mashitu South Cu-Co deposit	Sośnicka et al. (2019)
Mutshatsha Kamoto ⓘ Kamoto East Open cut
ⓘ Kamoto Principal Mine	Betts (n.d.)
ⓘ KOV Open cut	Gauthier
Kolwezi ⓘ Kolwezi Mine	Anthony et al. (2016)
ⓘ Musonoi Mine	Lhoest (1992) +2 other references
ⓘ Mutoshi Mine	Cox et al. (2003)
Sicomines copper-cobalt project ⓘ ~~Mashamba West Mine~~
ⓘ Tenke-Fungurume area	www.tenke.com (2003)
ⓘ Fungurume deposit	Cox et al. (2003)
ⓘ Fungurume 8 deposit	Rosenfels et al. (2022)
ⓘ Fungurume 88 deposit	Rosenfels et al. (2022)
ⓘ Kansalawile Mine	Fay et al. (2012)
ⓘ Mambilima Mine	Fay et al. (2012)
ⓘ Tenke Mine	Cox et al. (2003)

Finland
Lapland Ranua ⓘ Simontaival	Mutanen
North Karelia Kontiolahti ⓘ Herajärvi	Piirainen

France
Corsica Haute-Corse Corte Ghisoni ⓘ La Finosa Mine (Fontana Rossa Mine)	Fiche BSS BRGM n° 11183X4002/GT
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Hautes-Alpes Briançon Saint-Véran ⓘ Les Clausis mine	A. Sinojmeri et al. (Hautes Alpes)

Germany
Lower Saxony Goslar District Clausthal-Zellerfeld ⓘ Charlotte Mine	Cabral et al. (2018)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Siegen-Wittgenstein Siegen Eiserfeld ⓘ Eisenzecher Zug mine	Wittern (2001)
ⓘ Schlänger und Eichert vein	Mills et al. (2020)
Kohlenbach Valley ⓘ Brüderbund Mine	Dana 6: 1049 & Dana 7:I:264.
ⓘ Vereinigte Kohlenbach mine	Laspeyres (1893) +2 other references
Eisern ⓘ Eisernhardter Tiefbau Mine	Weiß (1990)
Gosenbach ⓘ Honigsmund-Hamberg Mine	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Storch und Schöneberg Mine	Weiß (1990)
Weidenau ⓘ Neue Haardt Mine (Neue Hardt Mine)	Weiß (1990)
Rhineland-Palatinate Altenkirchen Betzdorf-Gebhardshain Steinebach ⓘ Bindweide Mine	Weiß (1990)
Daaden-Herdorf Schutzbach ⓘ Grüneau Mine (Grüne Au Mine; Grünau Mine)	Helsper et al. (1991) +2 other references
ⓘ Pius Mine	Blaß et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Wissen Hövels Voßwinkel ⓘ Wingertshardt Mine	Weiß (1990)
Saarland Merzig-Wadern Beckingen Düppenweiler ⓘ Copper mine	Gerhard Müller: Bergbau-PSL-Mineralogie et al. (Saarbrücken 1996)

Indonesia
South Sulawesi Province Tana Toraja Regency ⓘ Awak Mas gold mine	doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13179.41767 +1 other reference
ⓘ Salu Bullo gold mine	Hakim (2017)

Iran
Markazi Province Saveh County ⓘ Kuh Pang Cu deposit	Goudarzi et al. (2024)

Italy
Piedmont Cuneo Province Bellino ⓘ Maniglia Mt. Mine	Piccoli et al. (2021)
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Iglesias Bindua ⓘ San Giovanni Mine	Giovanni Scapin Collection +1 other reference
Nuxis Monte Tamara mining area ⓘ Is Lassinus Mine	Karup-Møller (1977)

Japan
Ehime Prefecture Shikokuchuo City ⓘ Sazare mine	TATSUMI et al. (1975) +1 other reference
Hokkaidō Prefecture Hidaka Subprefecture Samani District Samani-cho Horoman peridotite body ⓘ Horoman mine	Rocks & Min.: 22:223.
Kochi Prefecture Tosa District Okawa-mura ⓘ Shirataki Mine	Anthony et al. (2016)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region ⓘ Bou Azzer mining district	S. Weiß: Lapis 31 (7/8)
Zagora Province Zagora Cercle Tinzouline Caïdat Bleida Mines ⓘ Bleida Mine	Asladay et al. (2012)
Souss-Massa Region Taroudant Province Tazalaght ⓘ Tazalaght Copper Mine	El Basbas et al. (2011)

Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	[MinRec 8:Tsumeb 21]

North Korea
North Hwanghae Province Suan County Hol Kol Mine (Holgol; Suan; Namjong) ⓘ North orebody (New orebody)	Resource Geology

Norway
Akershus Eidsvoll Eidsvoll gold mines ⓘ Brødstad mines	Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse
Grasli Mines (Græsli Mines) ⓘ Græsli Mine	Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. ...
Buskerud Drammen Mjøndalen ⓘ Narverud Mines	Neumann (1985)
Lier Gjellebekk ⓘ Gjellebekk Mine (Auvi Mine)	Neumann (1985)
Lierskogen ⓘ Kjenner Bismuth Mine	Neumann (1985)
Telemark Kragerø Valberg ⓘ Valberg Quarry	Nordrum (2011)
Troms og Finnmark Alta ⓘ Borras copper deposit	Vokes (1957)
Trøndelag Indre Fosen Rissa ⓘ Skaudalen copper deposit

Oman
Al Batinah North Governorate Sohar ⓘ Bayda Mine	Hannington et al. (1998)
ⓘ Lasail Mine

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Jawor County Gmina Męcinka Chełmiec ⓘ Chełmiec mine	Paulo A. 1970: Minerały niklu i bizmutu w żyłach kruszcowych okolicy Chełmca (Góry Kaczawskie, Dolny Śląsk)
ⓘ Karkonosze County	Mochnacka et al. (2012)
ⓘ Legnica County	Chmielewski et al. (2016)
ⓘ Lubin–Głogów mining district	Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
Lubin County ⓘ Lubin	Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ...
Polkowice County Gmina Polkowice Polkowice ⓘ RZ shaft (Rudna mine)
Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Bardo Grochowa ⓘ Grochowiec Hill	Wojtulek et al. (2016)
Silesian Voivodeship Myszków County Kraków-Lubliniec tectonic zone Żarki-Kotowice area ⓘ 144-Ż borehole	Karwowski et al. (2012)
Zawiercie County Gmina Pilica ⓘ Pilica Cu-Au deposit	Singer et al. (2008)

Portugal
Beja Castro Verde Santa Bárbara de Padrões ⓘ Neves-Corvo Mine	Pinto et al. (1994) +2 other references

Romania
Bihor County Nucet ⓘ Băiţa mining district	Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference
Caraş-Severin County ⓘ Ocna de Fier-Dognecea District	Cook et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Ocna de Fier ⓘ Simon Iuda deposit	Cook et al. (2001)
ⓘ Sasca Montană	Cook et al. (2002)

Russia
Bashkortostan Baymaksky District ⓘ Ivanovka Co-Cu deposit (Ivanovskoe deposit)	Melekestseva +2 other references
Kamchatka Krai Sobolevsky District ⓘ Maior River (Brook)	Подлипский et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District ⓘ Dalnegorsk	Grant et al. (2001)
Republic of Karelia Kondopozhsky District ⓘ Vikshozero deposit	- (2014)
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]
Aldan ⓘ Ryabinovskoe Cu-Au deposit	A.Ya. Kochetkov (2006)
ⓘ Muscovitovyi area	Kochetkov A.Ya. (2006)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Kachkanar Kachkanar Complex Kachkanarskoe ⓘ Western pit	Stepanov et al. (2023)
Serovsky District ⓘ Rozovsk deposit	Murzin et al. (1999)
ⓘ Vadimo-Aleksandrovsk deposit	Murzin et al. (1999)
Tuva Todzhinsky District ⓘ Ak-Sug ore cluster	Shadchin et al. (2024)
Zabaykalsky Krai Gazimuro-Zavodsky District ⓘ Kultuma Deposit	Kovalev et al. (2019)
Kalarsky District Kodar–Udokan ore district ⓘ Sulban Deposit	Gongalsky et al. (2019)
Udokan ⓘ Udokan mine	Gongalsky et al. (2019)

Slovakia
Prešov Region ⓘ Kozie Chrbty Mts (Vikartovský ridge)	Ferenc et al. (2001)
Žilina Region Liptovský Mikuláš District ⓘ Vyšná Boca	Ozdín et al. (1999)
ⓘ Helena	Ozdín et al. (1999)

Spain
Andalusia Almería Huércal-Overa Cuesta Alta Cerro Minado Mines ⓘ La Cena del Depósito concession	BERTRAN-OLLER et al. (2012)

Sweden
Jönköping County Vetlanda Fröderyd ⓘ Äsprilla copper mine	M.Särkinen: ...
Kalmar County Västervik ⓘ Gladhammar mines	Canadian Mineralogist 18 +1 other reference
Södermanland County Nyköping Tunaberg Dammgruvan Ore Field ⓘ Dammgruvan Mine	Dobbe (1991)
ⓘ Fingerkulla	Dobbe (1991)
ⓘ Tunaberg Cu-Co Ore Field	Dobbe (1991)
Värmland County Filipstad Nordmark mining district Finnshytteberg ore field ⓘ Nord mine	Burke et al. (1983)
Säffle ⓘ Nysäter
Västmanland County Norberg ⓘ Malmkärra Mine	Andersson et al. (2024)
Skinnskatteberg Riddarhyttan ⓘ Bastnäs Mines	Öhman et al. (2005)
ⓘ Nya Bastnäs deposit	Andersson et al. (2024)

Switzerland
Valais Sierre Anniviers Grimentz ⓘ Baicolliou Mine	Stalder et al. (1998)

Turkey
Kastamonu Province ⓘ Küre District	GÜNER (1980)
ⓘ Küre copper deposits	Musa Güner (1980)
ⓘ Bakibaba mine	GÜNER (1980)

Ukraine
Zhytomyr Oblast Korosten Raion ⓘ Perzhanskoe ore field (Perga Be deposit)	Nechaev S & Pastukhov V (2001)

USA
Alaska Northwest Arctic Borough Ambler Mining District ⓘ Bornite Project	Kim et al. (2023)
Shungnak Mining District ⓘ Bornite	- (2008) +1 other reference
Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area Amber Mining District ⓘ Ruby Creek	USGS
Colorado Ouray County ⓘ Idarado Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
Maryland Baltimore County Bare Hills ⓘ Bare Hills Copper Mine (Smith Avenue Copper Mine)	- (2005)
Carroll County Finksburg Patapsco Mines ⓘ Patapsco Mine (Finksburg Mine; Orchard Mine) (TL)	Dana 7:I:264 +2 other references
ⓘ Wildesen Mine	Heyl et al. (1965)
Louisville ⓘ Mineral Hill Mine	Mines of the Washington D.C Area
Sykesville ⓘ Florence Mine	Dana 6:1071.
ⓘ Springfield Mine (Mr. Tysons Mine; Sykesville Mine)	Dana 6: 1071 +2 other references
Missouri Iron County Bixby ⓘ Magmont Mine	Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998
Madison County ⓘ Fredericktown Mining District	Sherwood et al. (1998)
Reynolds County Ellington ⓘ Sweetwater Mine	Sherwood et al. (1998)
ⓘ Viburnum Trend Mining District	gsa.confex.com (n.d.)
Montana Stillwater County ⓘ Stillwater Mine	- (n.d.)
New Jersey Sussex County Franklin ⓘ ~~Franklin Mine~~	Burke (1983) +3 other references
Wisconsin Rusk County Ladysmith ⓘ Flambeau Mine ?	wgnhs.uwex.edu (n.d.)
Wyoming Albany County Lake Owen Complex ⓘ Lake Owens Mafic Complex Occurrence (Lake Owens; Iron Mountain)	5th International Platinum Symposium ...

Zambia
Central Province Mkushi District ⓘ Fishtie deposit	Hendrickson (2013)
Copperbelt Province Chililabombwe District ⓘ Konkola Mine	Econ Geol (1986) +2 other references
Chingola District Chingola ⓘ Nchanga Mine	Cox et al. (2003)
Kalulushi District Chambishi ⓘ Chambishi Mine	Cox et al. (2003)
ⓘ Chibuluma Mine	https://www.mindat.org/mesg-667796.html
ⓘ Chibuluma West Mine	Cox et al. (2003)
Kitwe District Kitwe ⓘ Nkana Mine	Clemmey (1974) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mindola pit	Kamona et al. (1999)
ⓘ Nkana south limb	Brems et al. (2009)
Luanshya District Luanshya ⓘ Baluba Mine	Kamona et al. (1999)
Mufulira District Mufulira ⓘ Mufulira Mine	Cox et al. (2003)

Zimbabwe
Mashonaland Central Shamva District ⓘ Madziwa Mine	Clutten et al. (1981)

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Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2025, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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